Effects Of Poverty On The United States Essay - 1436 Words

World poverty is a complex global issue that varies depending on where you live. Many Americans in recent years acquiring the needs for shelter, food, and clothing is becoming more difficult to obtain the necessities of survival. Unless there is a cultural and behavioral change in our society regarding world poverty, poverty rates will continue to rise. Poverty is affecting thousands of people in the United States; this impact is changing the quality of life for families. These effects on families can be described in four dimensions. First, defining poverty and understanding the poverty rates. Secondly, opportunities are limited (inequality) for wealth, income, and education, creating poverty. Thirdly, evaluate the causes of poverty through one theoretical perspective. Finally, providing ideas for solutions and ways on changing political policies to reduce or end poverty in the United States. Poverty is defined as a position of having little or no money, goods, or means of support, a condition of being poor (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Poverty-Sociology. Poverty has several categories, relative poverty that refers to lacking resources for some people having in association to those without. Absolute poverty is a state that lack of resources that are life threatening Macionis, J. J. (2012). Today it is estimated that 95 million Americans live near federal poverty levels. Out of that number 46.2 million are children, menShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Poverty On The United States1541 Words   |  7 Pages12/07/2015 Professor Sirkin The Effects of Poverty on Education For those who live in the United States, some do not see the correlation between poverty and its effects on people’s behavior to their academics. Poverty affects many students at a young age depending on the location they are in as it prevents underprivileged kids to seek higher education. However, with new opportunities [in effect], kids in poverty can have the same education as privileged kids. Poverty stricken students are disadvantagedRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On The United States Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagespaper ends up somewhere else, the importance and the reality that is causing is real. There are people in the United States who are really stressing out right now because they can’t purchase items they need. Even worse putting food on the table. How can no one is doing anything to help these poor innocent people? What can we help to make a big difference? Lot of these citizens who are in poverty needs support and that the government puts in a little bi t effort to help the people in need. The governmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Poverty On The United States1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthis article is the changing association among marriage, work, and child poverty in the United States. There has been numerous research conducted on the importance of marriage and work and the link that it has to child poverty and the negative association that has been shown through research. However over many decades, there has been a transformation that marriage and work is no longer a negative association with child poverty. This study thoroughly examined the relationships between marriage, workRead MoreWhat Are the Causes and Effects of Poverty in the United States?2655 Words   |  11 PagesWhat are the Causes and Effects of poverty in the United States? Jose Flores Blackstone Academy Charter School Are all Americans grateful for the things they have? What if Americans do not to have the proper basic needs? Many Americans do face this situation and it is called poverty. The top three causes of poverty in United States are lack of education, unemployment and the high cost of health insurance. Americans can overcome the high rate of poverty and alleviate their strugglesRead MoreA Brief Note On Poverty And Its Effects On The United States1015 Words   |  5 Pages2. Poverty In 2013 more than half of the Honduran population lived below the poverty line, with six out of ten rural families living in extreme poverty. Honduras also ranked among the most unequal countries in the region, and its middle class was among the smallest in LAC. Low levels of economic inclusion, limited social mobility, and the extreme vulnerability of lower income households to a wide range of shocks have made poverty in Honduras especially deep and intractable. Over the past 15 yearsRead MoreEffects Of Poverty In Togo754 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty influences Togolese and Americans life. Togo is one of the third world countries in West Africa, and its poverty is due to the lack of steady jobs which will bring a reliable income to the household. There are no jobs at all in the country, and the few enterprises do not have enough capability to hire; all those conditions develop homeless and shantytowns because people cannot afford a suitable roof. Likewise, the United States which i s one of the richest countries in the world still fellRead MoreEffects of poverty1534 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects Of Poverty , WRIT 300 October 15, 2012 Poverty is an enigma that seems to plague each corner of the United States. No matter how rich how stabilize or how strong our country may claim it is poverty lurks in shadow of all places on this earth and in it’s silhouette the opprobrious effects. The three scholarly articles I summarized connect the dots on how poverty impacts the United States economically; and socially. The first articles I summarized Haiyun Zhao, ZhilanRead MoreThe United States Poverty Epidemic884 Words   |  4 Pages Compared to the rest of the world the United States is economically prosperous however, many citizens are plagued with poverty and destitution. Poverty has become such a problem that one in six Americans are living below the poverty line (Yen). Despite the significant number of Americans living in poverty, most Americans are unaware of its vast scope and scale. The public’s apathy towards poverty has caused it to become an invisible epidemic. The middle -class’s flight from the cities has createdRead MorePoverty Is The Most Far Reaching Social Problem847 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is the most far reaching social problem that the population of the world faces today. Poverty does not discriminate against race or age. History has show that even social classes living above the poverty line are not safe from the treat of poverty(Meissnerd). A social p roblem is defined as a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy(Macionis).† Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or sociallyRead MoreThe Issue Of Income Inequality Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most deeply divisive issues in the United States is the question of income inequality: whether it exists and whether we are obliged to address it. The â€Å"American Dream† ideology which permeates most aspects of our daily life, influences an automatic response to income inequality to be that those at the bottom are not working hard enough and that those at the top have earned their wealth through hard work. These perceptions of poverty and inequality limit productive conversation that can

The Origins Of Christianity And Hinduism - 1737 Words

For the majority of the time that the largest religions in the world have existed, it has been in the pre modern era. As people developed and new ways of thought emerged, the scientific revolution sparked the modern era. This spark is what started to challenge many of the beliefs and practices upheld through all religions. Through these challenges, different interpreters and practices have formed which changed the course of development form the contemporary time period. This paper will reflect of the challenges and reactions the religions of Christianity and Hinduism faced with their encounters of the modern and postmodern situations. Pre-modern Christianity originally started as an offshoot of Judaism, as they believed that Jesus is the true Messiah and savior. Since the beginning Christians have believed in the Holy Trinity. This is something that has always and still is unique to this particular religion. The time period in which the religion was most widely spread was during Paul’s lifetime, a former persecutor of Christians. The pre-modern period is a time where many of the religion’s doctrines, books, and gospels were written. It is during this time that basis for what would later become the largest religion in the world was being formulated. The religion really blossomed once it took root being the official religion of the Roman Empire. The religion was spread all through out the vast land the Romans had conquered. All while this is going on through out the centuries,Show MoreRelatedWorld Religion: Christianity the Most Widespread Religion in The World1473 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the wor ld. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the belief in many or more than one god. These six world religions have a lot in common and they also have their differences that make their certain religion or belief special to them. Christianity is the most widespread religion in the worldRead MoreComparison of Hinduism to Christianity 703 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism is one of the earliest religons that is still practiced around the world. It seeks to answer the same questions that Christianity does, but arrives at different answers. It seeks truth, but fails to find it. Hinduism seeks to ask the question of where do we come from? This question is not easily answerable. Because of the nature of Hinduism, everything is in a cycle. There is no beginning and there is no end. Hinduism also does not have a set of defined rules because of it’s views on multipleRead MoreThe Complexities of Hinduism803 Words   |  4 PagesThe religion of Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. The many aspects of Hinduism present a complex religion. However complex and intellectual this religion seems, the over whelming branches and diversities of Hinduism pose problems for the Hindu worldview. The history, nature of the world, practical outcomes, and superiority of Christianity display the challenges that Hinduism presents. From Hinduism’s pantheon of gods to its dysfunctional caste system, this religion has wreakedRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words   |  5 PagesReligions The religions of the world, while differing greatly in their specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus ChristRead MoreCompare And Contrast Hinduism And Christianity1506 Words   |  7 PagesAt first glance, the religions of Hinduism and Christianity may seem as different as any two religions could be, but with deeper investigation, Hinduism and Christianity have more in common that originally perceived. When the values of Hinduism are examined closely, many of the virtues that Hindu’s strive for, are similar to the virtues that Christians strive to achieve. While The deities for the religi ons vary greatly, as do the ideas of after-life, both religions have a likeness in the ideas ofRead MoreHinduism : Hinduism And Hinduism1140 Words   |  5 PagesPart One: Hinduism Worldview Hinduism is a panetheism belief system in which there are over 330 million different deities. They have a large number of different sects (Hindson and Caner 262-265). Hinduism starts with 3 Trimurti, or deities and ends with over 330 million different gods (Hindson and Caner 262-265). With an estimated 850 million followers (Halverson 1-8) . Hindus strongly believe in reincarnation, and karma. They believe that untill one reaches the highest state of purity, they willRead MoreHinduism and Budhism: Two of the World ´s Largest Religions1201 Words   |  5 Pagesfall under the definition of religion in their countries of origin. Two of these Religions are Hinduism and Buddhism. While some do not see these as extremely prominent, they are pinocle belief systems in the Asian continent, with over 1 billion followers all together. (Feldhaus) These two religions along with few other traditional Asian belief systems are very different from traditional western belief systems in ways of the ir origins, practices and philosophy.(Chen) What is it that makes theseRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth1601 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) â€Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.† There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Read MoreIslam, Hinduism, Buddhism And Christianity Comparison1025 Words   |  5 PagesPractices of Hinduism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity Comparison Hinduism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity developed centuries ago and have been practiced since then to today. Groups of people who practice these religions are bound to the conventional norms, beliefs, cultures and way of life of each. Each religion has a particular faith in a supreme being (Woodhead, Partridge Kawanami, 2016). Muslims believe in Allah, Christians believe in Jesus Christ, Hindus believe inRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Hinduism1166 Words   |  5 Pagesinternationally and many are practiced worldwide. Both Christianity and Hinduism are very popular religions, and have a substantial amount of followers. In fact, Christianity and Hinduism are the largest, and third largest religions of the world, respectively. They have been tremendously influential on the world and have, arguably, shaped it into what it is today. Despite many differences between the two religions, Christianity and Hinduism have quite a few fascinating similarities. Not on ly do they

Social Networking has been Around Long Enough to Consider the Positive

Question: Explain the topic "Social Networking has been around long enough to consider the positives and negatives". Answer: Now, moving up to the concerned firms the Introduction Social networking is considered to be the most crucial tool that for many of the business organizations. It creates both negative as well as the positive impact on the human mind. There are different types of the social media platforms which help in creating the great impact on the minds of the users. This research paper will help in explaining the different aspects of the social media throughout the world today (Abraham and Hassanien, 2012). There are several positive aspects of the social media which have brought the desired changes in the human life. There are different types of the social media platforms such as the Facebook, Twitter, You-Tube and many others which have attracted the attention of the users towards them. It has become very crucial for the people to understand the benefits as well as the demerits or the side effects of using these social; media websites. People need to be aware of the benefits as well as the demerits of these websites. The different companies use t he critical techniques to advertise their concerned products within the concerned market segments (Breslin, Passant, and Decker, 2009). There are companies like Amazon, eBay and many other who uses these platforms to get in direct touch with their customers. Main context It has been seen that the people are getting addicted to these websites on large numbers. One should understand the desired merits along with the demerits of using these websites. These social media websites consume much time of the people in using these. The communication process has enhanced by the help of the development of the social media websites. The discovery of the social media has brought the desired innovation in the communication people (Cogan, 2012). The users can easily get in touch with the people living throughout the different parts of the world. there are different types of the websites such as the Facebook, Twitter, and You-Tube which enhance the reliability of the users in getting touch with the dear ones throughout the longer distance. The communication places have become more convenient with the help of the use of social media. People can easily their pictures as well as the videos throughout the long distances. It is, therefore, crucial for the concerned users to understand the desired harmful effects of using these websites for longer time-period. Social media is considered to be the contemporary device for different marketers who endeavor all means to obtain their point out to the concerned target marketplace (CyberEurope, 2011). The intermediate has numerous advantages as well as disadvantages, plus companies fight to discover the correct method to utilize it. The standard business proprietor does not completely appreciate the risk, as well as the field has become idle so new to reveal that it is hard to assess the experience of the concerned social media expert who proffer their desired services (CyberEurope, 2012). There are many of the well-known firms that are using the different methods as well as the ways of the social media for evaluating the desired growth of their concerned firm. Through the arrival of social networking, societal scientists along with media expert have wonder concerning the profit that social networking bring to desired communication. At the same time as a number of these are understandable, a few others contain only turn out to be obvious as the user has turned into recognizable with the desired social networking. The capability to enlarge our networking possible with extra edge enhances the profitability of the firm (CyberSightings, 2013). In addition, the capabilities to continue in getting in touch with associates, as well as family, allow us to preserve quicker ties to the concerned appreciated one's crossways long distance. The social network allows the concerned people to accomplish away to possible customers with no spending excessive amount of funds on promotion whereas staying in contact with present clients. Have an existence on a well-liked social system suggest to the public that concerned corporation is on the critical circumfer ence or it is capable of maintaining up through the varying times. By means of the social network to encourage the desired businesses has several benefits but also require some commitment as well as work on the concerned part. It is very crucial to understand the desired requirements of the customers by the concerned firms and this can be done easily with the help of the effective means of communicating with the clients by using the social networking. The effective means of the promotion can be easily done with the help of these social networking websites (Flynn, 2009). The different companies use the critical techniques to advertise their concerned products within the concerned market segments. It has been that there are large numbers of the people who are addicted towards the use of these websites and therefore, the use of the social networking is considered to be an effective one. Social network site makes people aware of becoming more private regarding their personal lives. Beca use close facts of our lives are capable of being posted so effortlessly, a user is eventually prone to avoid the filter they may generally utilize when discussion on their personal lives. What is extra, the belongings they place stay indefinitely. Whereas at the single instant a snap of associates doing the shot at a festivity may appear harmless, the picture may emerge less good-looking in the framework of a manager liability a backdrop check. Whilst mainly sites let their user manage who see the belongings they have posted, like boundaries are frequently elapsed, could be hard to manage or do not effort plus advertise (Gupta, Hate, and Siemer, 2011). The management team along with the effective managers needs to formulate effective strategies in order to Bering out the desired possible results for the firm, use of these websites creates a great impact on the minds of the customers. There are different companies who use the social media platforms to enhance the rate of productivity as well as to promote the desired within the concerned target market segments. The communication process has been made very easy for the service industries as the executives can directly deal with the clients and work as per their satisfaction. The competition level has increased significantly throughout the different parts of the world and the promotion of the products plays a major part in evaluating the selling of the concerned products within the market segments ([Conference Preview], 2013). People are getting addicted to the use of the social networks and mainly for establishing the relationship with the new people. Known each other have become easier with the help of the use of social media and this has retyped the desired impact on the daily life of the people concerned. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the daily life of the people concerned, it is important for the res pective individuals to understand their needs need and take the positive things by using social networks. On the other hand, it is seen that the people get addicted to the use of these websites especially social networks and this consumes their valuable time. Therefore, it is considered to be of larger importance that the people needs to understand the desired harmful effects of using these websites and should use only as per the desired needs and not more than that as this may their personal time and their daily life (Kennett, 2011). Privacy of the users cares considered of great importance as the users are made to provide their personal information on these websites and therefore it is crucial to notice these aspects as the leakage of the personal data or pictures may get viral throughout the different parts of the world. These sites promote people to become further public concerning their individual lives. Since intimate facts of peoples lives may be highlighted easily. The nearn ess given by these social media is merely accessible to the predators along with friends. Children particularly are susceptible to the practices of the different types of the cyber bullying in that the perpetrators, secretly or still posing as public their sufferer's faith, terrify individuals in a border of their concerned peers. The desolation of these particular online assaults can run off deep psychological scars (Kennett, 2011). In a number of well-exposed cases, sufferers have yet been motivated to commit suicide. The secrecy affords online be capable of bringing away dark impulse that may if not be concealed. The Cyber-bullying have increased extensively between adolescence, with 43% coverage that these are the victims. Now, moving up to the concerned firms the business processes of many of the companies are increased with the help of the social media. The use of the different social media platforms has made it very easier for the firms to increase the selling of the products their company offers. Though numerous business make use of social network sites to discover as well as correspond with customers, the site may also verify an immense interruption to workers who may show further curiosity in the desired posts which their concerned associates are posting except than within their concerned work tasks (Koegel Buford, Yu and Lua, 2009). There are companies like Amazon, eBay and many other who uses these platforms to get in direct touch with their customers to increase the selling of the concerned products offered by them. There are several positive uses bay the different companies as the executives of these companies can directly get in touch with the customers (Laursen, 2008). This helps in underst anding the desired requirements of the customers and by providing the desired services and the concerned products as per the needs of the customers, a firm will create a brand name throughout the market segments. The use of the social networking websites has brought the desired revolution throughout the different parts of the world. The most affected are the communication system. The people residing throughout the different parts of the world can easily communicate with their loved ones with the help of these websites. Instead of communicating with the concerned friends, people can comment as well as like the status of the concerned users. The life becomes more enjoyable as the personal happy moments can be shared with the respective people, friends as well as the associates or the relatives. Some public will utilize the social medium to join new relations in someone, while added citizens will then never meet up anybody from the particular sites used. It has been seen that the Cyber bullying is single of the harms by means of the social medium. The contented posted, although private, may be used to reject people effort as well as promotions. The use of the Social media may assist people to stay in contact with associates, except it may be hazardous to the personal career as well as life. The sums of the desired information people put away over the Internet or throughout the social media proposed or not, influence people within the actual world (Pantic, 2014). The marketing, as well as the different types of the promotions, have been easier with the help of the social media or the different social media techniques. Some of the people or the user's avid social system member feels that advertising in addition to promotion is invasive to their concerned privacy. As per the market research by many of the well-knew researchers', eight within 10 social medium users experience undecided to anxious regarding sharing individual information as well as position social net work low down in protection confidence. The desired effective practice of determining different types of the ads as well as campaign off associate information composed from the desired social network site has stimulated a flourish privacy argument, as well as advertising crucial efforts which may be then met with resentment along with offensive reaction (Record number of attendees explore latest consumer networking technologies at CCNC 2009 - [Conference report], 2009). The communication system has become much easier and people can know about the different culture of the different people living in different parts of the world. Therefore, the most crucial for the people is to understand that the demerits as well as the merits of using these social media networks (TSUTSUI, 2008). A collection of the desired and different types of the knowledge is one of the other benefits that the people need to understand in an effective manner. One feature of using the social network is critically harmful to the different marketing campaign is unconstructive post response. There are some of the unhappy customers as well as the different industry competitor are capable of placing pained or unpleasant pictures, the different posts as well as the videos and it does not have much for the concerned marketer know how to do to stop this occurrence (Scott, 2010). Still, unenthusiastic or additional non-constructive reaction needs to be eventually ignored. Social network should be then managed proficiently adequate to instantly react as well as defuse those harmful posts that take additional time. The majority societal networks are liberated to connect as well as operate, but with no paid publicity to decisively aim their client base, confined business frequently ending up through supporters who merely are not concerned local (Taylor, 2012). The most excellent use of promotion throughout social network sites is to gather the desired information from different types of the clients as well as the users concerning their welfare as well as motivation for reiterate big business. Therefore, the different aspects of the social media networks are quite clear for the different users attached to it. Most, importantly people need to take the desired positive aspects from the use of these social networks and they should be aware of the harmfuil affects of these websites (Timm, Perez and Ely, 2010). The different positive as well as the negative aspects of the social media networks generates desired impact on the minds of the users as well as the customers of the different firms. Conclusion This research paper critically reflects the different aspects of the social media on the present generation throughout the differed market segments. Social media is considered to be the contemporary device for different marketers who endeavor all means to obtain their point out to the concerned target marketplace. It is, therefore, crucial for the concerned users to understand the desired harmful effects of using these websites for longer time-period. Social media is considered to be the contemporary device for different marketers who endeavor all means to obtain their point out to the concerned target marketplace. Social network site makes people aware of becoming more private regarding their personal lives. Because close facts of our lives are capable of being posted so effortlessly, the user is eventually prone to avoid the filter they may generally utilize when discussion on their personal lives. The most affected are the communication system. The people residing throughout the d ifferent parts of the world can easily communicate with their loved ones with the help of these websites. There are companies like Amazon, eBay and many other who uses these platforms to get in direct touch with their customers to increase the selling of the concerned products offered by them. References Abraham, A. and Hassanien, A. (2012).Computational social networks. London: Springer. Breslin, J., Passant, A. and Decker, S. (2009).The social semantic web. Heidelberg: Springer. Cogan, S. (2012). OFC/NFOEC 2012: showcasing the latest in optical networking and communications.IEEE Commun. Mag., 50(2), pp.s4-s6. CyberEurope. (2011).Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(12), pp.773-773. CyberEurope. (2012).Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), pp.334-334. CyberSightings. (2012).Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), pp.332-333. CyberSightings. (2013).Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(9), pp.714-714. Flynn, N. (2009).The e-policy handbook. New York: American Management Association. Gupta, A., Hate, S. and Siemer, A. (2011).ASP.NET 4 social networking. Birmingham, UK: Packt. IEEE CCNC 2014 to highlight latest advancements in consumer communications and networking technologies [Conference Preview]. (2013).IEEE Commun. Mag., 51(11), pp.10-11. Kennett, D. (2011).DNA and social networking. Stroud: History Press. Koegel Buford, J., Yu, H. and Lua, E. (2009).P2P networking and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. Laursen, L. (2008). Social Networking Grows Up.Science. Pantic, I. (2014). Online Social Networking and Mental Health.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), pp.652-657. A record number of attendees explore latest consumer networking technologies at CCNC 2009 - [Conference report]. (2009).IEEE Commun. Mag., 47(3), pp.12-13. Scott, D. (2010).The new rules of marketing and PR. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Taylor, G. (2012).The ultimate guide to marketing your business with Pinterest. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified]. Timm, C., Perez, R. and Ely, A. (2010).Seven deadliest social network attacks. Burlington, MA: Syngress/Elsevier. TSUTSUI, A. (2008). Latest Trends in Home Networking Technologies.IEICE Transactions on Communications, E91-B(8), pp.2470-2476. Upson, S. (2008). Loser: Social Networking - Social Networking Goes to the Dogs.IEEE Spectr., 45(1), pp.55-56.

Law Case free essay sample

This case is to be contrasted with McCormick v Nowland (1985) ATPR 40-852 in which the vendors real estate agent falsely represented that the vendors house was made of brick and that the swimming pool in the back yard was adjacent to a public park. The Court here held that a real estate agent owes a duty of care to a purchaser with respect to the information supplied about the property. Pincus J found that the agent had been negligent in respect of the information relating to the property and that the vendors, as principal were vicariously liable for the acts of their agent under the general law, because he found that the agent was acting within the authority of the vendor, at least insofar as it described the house to be built of brick Smith v Land and House Property Corporation (1884) LR 28 Ch D 7 Facts It holds that a statement of opinion can represent that one knows certain facts, and therefore one may have still made a misrepresentation. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land and House Property Corp (LHP) contracted with Mr Smith to buy the freehold title of the Marine Hotel at Walton-on-the-Naze. Mr Smith had advertised that it was let to Mr Fleck,â€Å" a most desirable tenant. † Land and House agreed to buy the Hotel however Mr. Fleck, who had been overdue with rent, went bankrupt just before transfer of title. Land and House Property Corp. refused to complete the transaction, defending Smiths specific performance suit on the basis that the description of Flecks virtues was grounds for misrepresentation. Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd Background facts †¢The Plaintiff [Collins] bought a lease to a restaurant off the Defendant [Henjo]. †¢The restaurant was operating illegally it seated way more people than its license allowed. †¢The Plaintiff was led to believe (via a signed card and by observation of the premises) that the illegal capacity was licensed. †¢The Plaintiff hired a lawyer to make sure everything was right with the license, but he didnt make any inquiries. The contract had both an entire agreement clause and a disclaimer of all pripor representations. †¢ After the transaction went through, the Plaintiff finally found out. conclusion †¢Exclusion clauses, such as disclaimers or entire agreement clauses, do not protect one against the statutory laws regarding misleading conduct. †¢It has been held that exclusion clauses, of which special conditions 6 and 7 are examples, cannot operate to defeat claims under s 52. [5] †¢The conduct was misleading, and the Plaintiff wins.

Dirt and Filth

Dirt and Filth Dirt and Filth Dirt and Filth By Maeve Maddox In todays paper I read: Moisture and filth on the video detection cameras lens can cause it not to detect cars I wondered why the speaker hadnt used the more appropriate word for the context: dirt. To me the word filth conveys something nastier than mere dirt, something not likely to make it to the lens of a camera suspended over traffic. For example, a mother means three very different things when she says: This room is messy. This room is dirty. This room is filthy! With messy one pictures scattered clothing, books, and papers, but nothing a quick tidying cant put to rights. With dirty come images of dusty furniture, smeared windows, and perhaps dried mud clumps on the floor. With filthy, however, the mind turns to fossilized half-eaten sandwiches, congealed pools of unrecognizable liquid, mysterious mattress stains, and ignored deposits from the family pet. A look at the etymology of both dirt and filth reveals pretty nasty origins for both. Dirt comes from an Old English word (dritan) meaning to defecate. In Middle English the noun drit meant excrement. The r and the i eventually traded places to form the modern spelling dirt. Linguists trace the word to the Latin word for diarrhea. Filth goes back to the Old English word for foul which was related to the Old High German word for rotten, the Gothic word for stinking, and the Latin word from which pus derives. I still think that what the traffic camera lens had on it was dirt. By the way, that stuff in your garden where the flowers grow isnt dirt. Its soil. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, Whether"Confused With" and "Confused About"10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

A Hidden Ocean Might Exist Under Ganymedes Icy Surface

A Hidden Ocean Might Exist Under Ganymede's Icy Surface When you think about the Jupiter system, you think of a gas giant planet. It has major storms whirling around in the upper atmosphere. Deep inside, its a tiny rocky world surrounded by layers of liquid metallic hydrogen. It also has strong magnetic and gravitational fields that could be obstacles for any kind human exploration. In other words, an alien place.   Jupiter just doesnt seem like the kind of place that would also have tiny water-rich worlds orbiting around it.   Yet, for at least two decades, astronomers have suspected that the tiny moon Europa had subsurface oceans. They also think that  Ganymede has at least one (or more) oceans as well.  Now, they have strong evidence for a deep saline ocean there. If it turns out to be real, this salty subsurface sea could have more than all the water on Earths surface. Discovering Hidden Oceans How do astronomers know about this ocean? The latest findings were made using the Hubble Space Telescope to study Ganymede. It has an icy crust and a rocky core. What lies between that crust and core have intrigued astronomers for a long time. This is the only moon in the entire solar system that is known to have its own magnetic field. Its also the largest moon in the solar system. Ganymede also has an ionosphere, which is lit up by magnetic storms called aurorae. These are mainly detectable in ultraviolet light.   Because aurorae are controlled by the moons magnetic field (plus the action of Jupiters field), astronomers came up with a way to use the motions of the field to look deep inside Ganymede. (Earth also has aurorae, called informally the northern and southern lights).   Ganymede orbits its parent planet embedded in Jupiters magnetic field. As Jupiters magnetic field changes, the Ganymedean aurora also rock back and forth. By watching the rocking motion of the aurorae, astronomers were able to figure out that theres a large amount of salt water beneath the crust of the moon.The saline-rich water suppresses some of the influence that Jupiters magnetic field has on Ganymede, and that is reflected in the motion of the aurorae.   Based on Hubble data and other observations, scientists estimate the ocean is 60 miles (100 kilometers) deep. Thats about ten times deeper than Earths oceans. It lies under an icy crust thats about 85 miles thick (150 kilometers). Beginning in the 1970s, planetary scientists suspected the moon might have a magnetic field, but they didnt have a good way to confirm its existence. They finally got information about it when the  Galileo spacecraft took brief snapshot measurements of  the magnetic field in 20-minute intervals. Its observations were too  brief to distinctly catch the cyclical rocking of the oceans secondary  magnetic field. The new observations could only be  accomplished with a space telescope high above Earths atmosphere, which  blocks most ultraviolet light. The Hubble  Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, which is sensitive to ultraviolet light given off by the auroral activity on Ganymede, studied the aurorae in great detail.    Ganymede was discovered in 1610 by astronomer Galileo Galilei. He spotted it in January of that year, along with three other moons: Io, Europa, and Callisto. Ganymede was first imaged up-close by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979, followed by a visit from Voyager 2 later that year.  Since that time, it has been studied by the Galileo and New Horizons missions, as well as Hubble Space Telescope and many ground-based observatories.The search for water on worlds such as Ganymede is part of a larger exploration of worlds in the solar system that could be hospitable to life.   There are now several worlds, besides Earth, that could (or are confirmed) to have water: Europa, Mars, and Enceladus (orbiting Saturn). In addition, the dwarf planet Ceres is thought to have a subsurface ocean.

Waiting for the Barbarians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waiting for the Barbarians - Essay Example The book waiting for the Barbarians is one such book written by a linguistic and novelist Coetzee that highlighted some tentative strategies in the question of torture. In the book, he admits torture to be a threatening and a dark fascination on his life. While bringing out the vivid theme of torture in the dark African country, Coetzee faces many dilemmas, for instance, in the dark chamber where his moral judgment is challenged whether to find a middle way between ignoring the obscenities or being part of the obscenities. In as much as torture is necessary in many instances, the question, which the paper attempts to address, is whether torture was necessary while waiting for the Barbarians. The elite unit of colonel Joll and their treatment to the Barbarians is a case in point where torture gets exhibited. He is an administrative officer in charge of running the empire where he get rumors that the natives of the land (Barbarians) are coming back to fight for their land. He is not ha ppy with the idea; therefore, conducts an expedition in the land beyond the frontier. He organizes himself and arrives in one of his government outposts where he is determined to gather information from the local band of uncivilized Barbarians (Coetzee 34). The Barbarians represent an omniscient and present outside threat to the colonel who cannot sit back and wait for the attack. They are seeking to trample security of Colonel Joll and safety of the empire, a factor that does not make the colonel calm and instead uses every means possible to prevent the attack, which is likely to affect the strength of his empire. Instead of using peaceful means, he captures prisoners in a dubious way, which makes him wonder whether there was an army to attack his kingdom. This is because he finds the natives to of similarity to nomadic heathens rather than the barbarian army he suspected. However, he does not stop at this point questioning his intelligence by committing a series of torture on the natives to â€Å"confess† the details and whereabouts of the Barbarians. Although the magistrate is not happy with the way, he handles things he does not intervene or make an attempt of stopping since he understands the barbarian manner. In as much as their confessions and the nature of torture were too much, the truth behind the confessions was only because of torture. This leaves many questions whether the torture was necessary as one prisoner it killed one a prisoner and left another partially black haired woman partially blind (Coetzee 44). The torture of the barbarian girl is another instance where questions arise on the need for torture. She is one of the captives of colonel Joll who gets subjected to punishment with the aim of getting information. The torture vicariously eliminates the validation behind torture as the little girl is left partially blind. Coetzee, for instance, laments, â€Å"the true challenge is how to play the game by the rules of the state, how to establish own authority, how to imagine torture and death on one own terms.† (Coetzee 13) This is a moral question, which makes Coetzee wondering the reasons behind the colonel’s action, where he kills one of the captives, based on his own terms. The magistrate sympathizes with the little girl taking her to his house where he offers her a job as a cook. At a tender age, she receives sexual assault at the magistrate’

Describing a depth experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Describing a depth experience - Essay Example . . 1 For those of who still maintain religious belief in these troubled times, this formulation sounds very familiar. It is far too easy to lose ourselves in the material world and forget that there is something more out there—something that means more than what we can see around us. Accordingly, in this essay, I will try to describe my own experience with â€Å"depth.† When I was around sixteen years old, I was very troubled. I had many doubts about myself and about the world in general. I was confused and somewhat unhappy. I had lots of friends and played many sports, but nevertheless I was sometimes left at a loss as to how to explain the world to myself. Some days everything would just seem to be too much for me, and I would go to a quiet place to be alone and think about things. One spring my family and I took a vacation to the island of Malta. Malta is a small island in the Mediterranean near Sicily. It is only about 300 square kilometres in size but there are many people living there. The island is very historic, with many old churches and a deep and abiding faith in Catholicism. When I first arrived in Malta, I didn’t like it very much. It seemed too cramped and small. Although the weather was sunny and warm, the food was not very good and many of the cars and buildings seemed old and decrepit. So I had gone to Malta with a closed-mind and it was hard for me to appreciate it. One day, when I was walking by myself on a beach, I stopped to buy a soda from an old man who was selling drinks near the water. He must have been in his eighties; the skin on his face looked like battered leather. As I was paying for the soda, the man asked me, â€Å"Tell me, son, why do you look so lonely and lost.† I was a bit taken aback. I told him I was just walking along the beach for fresh air. He said, â€Å"Have you come to Malta on a pilgrimage? Did you know this is a very holy place? Many famous men have come to his island to discover something about themselves.

Education and Society Essay Example for Free

Education and Society Essay Education in the United States has become a crucial part of every Americans life. Completing high school opens doors for individual achievement and is directly linked to economic success. But equally important to the completion of high school is a rich and positive experience in the learning process. Educators are skilled in creating great learning experiences and to enhancing the curriculum, while parents are even more influential. Parents are the positive influence for many children who would otherwise be drastically falling behind, failing, or even dropping out of school. The child’s family background, combined with passed down values and experiences will determine the students high school education. The role of technology in early childhood education is an effective tool for students, so the lack of technology in a child’s upbringing can affect their educational career. For example, students who do not begin using various types of technology from kindergarten can fall behind. Studies found that students who are less likely to access technology at home can be at an academic disadvantage. This shows how vital technology is in a childs education, however there is a challenge in making it available to everyone. Particularly low-income or minority college students could have trouble in succeeding in a technology-saturated environment. Some parents dont parents dont understand the importance of Internet access, since in their generation, the Internet was a luxury, not a necessity. However, the bigger issue seems to be the gap between Whites who have access to the Internet and minorities. Studies found that â€Å"56% of Latino adults and 60% of African American can use the Internet,compared to 71% of White adults. The same organization finds that while 42% of white families and 41% of Latino 2 families 666subscribe to broadband access,only 31% of African American households have such access. Even if lower income schools computer labs students need to build their skills at home as well. Early childhood reading for children can bring a positive outcome to a child’s life. What a child learns in their early years are things that will continue to helps them along in their future in school and in the real world. When a child is introduced to early childhood education, they can get many benefits from it. Benefits include learning to interact in new situations, use critical thinking and basic speech skills before kindergarten. According to Maryanne Wolf, â€Å"In most underprivileged communities, no children’s books were found in homes; in the low come to middle income community there were, on average three books; and in the affluent community there were around 200. † Parents need to create an atmosphere where reading takes place in order to show the importance of reading, but low-income families are falling behind. Parents from affluent communities are able to gain access to understanding the importance of reading while parents from lower income don’t have the resources. Its unclear why low income families dont have as many books in the home, but the issue might be attributed to a poor school library, lack of understanding for the importance of books, or the obvious issue with low financial resources to buy books. Parents from different language background and parents who arent literate in English, will likely raise children who have to play catch-up once they enter kindergarten. Reading can’t just happen over night it needs to be developed over time. If books are limited, discussions and thoughts arent spoken out loud, and this can result in problems. Catherine snow of Harvard and her colleagues found that in addition to literacy materials,one of the major contributors to later reading was simply the amount of time for â€Å"talk around dinner† The 3 importance of simply being talked to, read to, and listened to is what much of early development is about†. In a low-income, busy and hard-working parents may not have time to have these simple talks, or even the financial resources to purchase books for there children. These are two important ingredients for a strong educational upbringing that many low-income family parents can not afford. Even though socioeconomic status and the access to technology are key a family’s behavioral and cultural backgrounds have an equal influence on a student. A child is instinctively drawn toward the background of their parents and social settings to learn what is deemed from right to wrong. According to David Brooks â€Å"Educated parents not only pass down resources to their children, they pass down expectations, habits, knowledge and cognitive abilities. Pretty soon you end up with a hereditary meritocratic class that reinforces itself generation after generation†. What David Brooks is saying is that even though the United States has universal access to higher education such as community college but some students may not be â€Å"physiologically prepared and culturally prepared for college†. Children are reaching their parents expectations and are just continuing a cycle. If parents arent showing their support in a educational and motivational sense, kids won’t feel the need to fulfill higher education. The time to instill values of education is not when a child becomes a senior in high school; rather the time to start discussing educational values to a child, is the onset of school, preschool. Education provides an individual their path to a successful future, but only through hard work, dedication and determination is this achievable. Education requires a parent to mold a child into an individual that is capable of contributing effectively to society. The drive to learn must be aroused in children and started at an early age.

A level :: Design and Technology

A level Objective The challenging task that I have finalised and undertaken for this coursework is to build and test a sensor. I decided to build a sensor, which would automatically change the speed of a fan by using a thermistor. The main objective of the experiment was to monitor and record the voltage change as the temperature changes. Specifically, as predicting that when the temperature increases the voltage would increase and thus the fan speed would increase too, thus causing a cooling effect to the environment. Data Information Thermistors are thermally sensitive resistors and have, according to type, a negative (NTC), or positive (PTC) resistance/temperature coefficient. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly when its temperature changes. A negative temperature coefficient thermistor has a resistance that decreases with increase of temperature. This is the most common type. This is the type of resistor that I shall be evaluating and will be using in my experiment. A positive temperature coefficient thermistor has a resistance that increases with increase of temperature. The resistance of a semiconductor generally decreases with increase of temperature. Semiconductors are therefore used to manufacture NTC thermistors. When the temperature of a semiconductor is increased, the number of charge carriers increases as more valence electrons gain sufficient energy to break free from atoms to become conduction electrons. The number of charge carriers increases as the temperature is increased so the resistance of the semiconductor falls. Semiconductors are used to make a wide range of electronic devices including electronic chips, light emitting diodes and solid-state lasers. Communications, commerce and entertainment have been revolutionised as a result of semiconductor devices. In electrical terms, materials are classed as either conductors or insulators or semiconductors. Semiconductors are solid materials with conductivities in between the very high conductivity of metals and the very low conductivities of insulators. There are a variety of types of semiconductor, including metal oxides as well as elements like silicon and germanium. In insulators, essentially all the electrons are tightly bound to atoms or ions, and none are free to move under an external electric field. In effect, these materials do not conduct electricity at all. In metallic conductors, essentially all the atoms are ionised, providing free electrons, which move freely through the ions and can move under an external electric field. These conduction electrons 'glue' the ions together, and provide non-directional bonding which holds the material together. They become shared amongst all the atoms in the material instead of remaining attached to one atom. Semiconductors differ from both insulators and metallic conductors. Only a small proportion of atoms are ionised, so that although there are conduction electrons they are relatively small in number and the

Ap World Essay: Compare and Contrast

1 – The ancient civilizations of our past are full of mystery and information. Even though some civilizations were miles apart and in different time periods they created some things that were very similar. The Book of the Dead from Egypt is quite similar to the Code of Hammurabi which is from Babylon. Yet the Code of Hammurabi is also similar to the Ten Commandments which is from Israel but at the same time is similar to an Egyptian student guideline. Though these four things are very different from one another they are also quite similar as well. – The Book of the Dead originated from Egypt. It was a testimony in which Judgment was based on. The testimony basically explains righteousness and purity; that the individual has done nothing wrong or impure. It is the point of when Osiris makes a judgment on whether the soul should live in a heaven like place or something similar to the underworld. This is like if you do something bad when you lived you’ll pay for it in your afterlife; which is very similar to how the Code of Hammurabi is based. 3- The Code of Hammurabi originates from Babylon.It is how people were to behave. Very similar to the phrase,†An eye for an eye, a hand for a hand. † In some cases the quote is taken very literal such as â€Å"195. If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his hand. † This was the law. 4- The Ten Commandments originated from Israel. They were very similar to laws, except these were created by the God of their religion. Though they are connected to the Code of Hammurabi by law they are also connected to the Book of the Dead. This is because in the Ten Commandments it says â€Å"13- You shall not kill. 4- You shall not commit adultery. 15- You shall not steal. 16†¦. † This in which is similar to the Book of the Dead for it promotes purity and righteousness. 5- The Guidelines for Egyptian students originates from Egypt! The guidelines emphasize to always work hard and to not be lazy. It is the expectations of the students. Even though it was written by fathers to their sons it seems like an enforced rule. The passage basically says Focus on your studies to aim to become a scribe. Since scribes have the most power, â€Å"But the scribe, he directs every work that is in the land! Though this passage seems quite different from the other passages there are some similarities. The expectations of the students â€Å"duty† is similar to the Ten Commandments for the rules are what is expected of them. 6- Even though time barriers and physical barriers separated the Book of the Dead, the Code of Hammurabi, the Ten Commandments, and the Guidelines for Egyptian students they still managed to have many similarities. Some of them were connected by laws, expectations, religions, and/or dedication. Though they are different topics the concepts were all similar.

Our identity is constantly changing Essay

Our identity is constantly changing; we never truly know who we are. In many movies and books we often see the line â€Å"I need to go and find who I really am.† In our society, we understand and relate to the ambition of finding oneself. We also recognize that it is not suggesting that we have misplaced our body or left it behind but that we need to realize our true identity and learn who we are. Identity is defined as the combination of personal, social and cultural experiences that combine to form an individual’s identity. Our identity is determined by what others think of us and the qualities we have. As we grow older we discover new things and how we identify ourselves. Everyone wears a mask of what they think society wants them to be and we need to be able to rip that faà §ade off and show the world of our true identities. Our identity is never still and it never will be, even after we pass away. It is the result of continuous interaction with our surroundings. P eople in our lives such as friends, family, teachers, idols and classmates affect the way we identify ourselves. They are a big factor in building up our identity. In many cases, some people’s identity has been shaken due to poor body image and physical appearance and this has contributed significantly to one’s identity. Events in the past that we have gone through can also have an impact on our identity and how we view it. Death is witnessed all around the world every day. People die due to sickness, war, old age, suicide, fights gone wrong, accidents, and many more ways. If someone close to a person died, it may change the person’s personality and identity entirely. When we learn and understand about our background history and culture. This can sometimes be the wakeup call for people who are lost and are finding out who they truly are. For example; you find out that your grandparent fought in a war to protect his/her country. You feel a sense of pride and are obliged to help your country by joining the navy or army. All individuals make the development from child to teenager to adult. During this growth, our identity is always in movement as we attempt to discover ourselves. As a child, we are moulded by our parent’s beliefs and values. The way we are brought up is crucial to identity development at a young age as we are very strongly influenced by the personalities of those around us. We are encouraged to be like what our parents are like. We aspire to be like them in every way possible. At a young age, toddlers often copy their  parents and follow their actions. Whether it is actions, words or even music, we always copy them and aspire to be like adults around us as we grow up. However, once people reach their teenage years, many people forge their own identity and clash with their parent’s teachings and rebel against them. This is when many teenagers realise that they don’t want to do what their parents want them to do. Usually this is caused by developing any relationship with someone and they change a person’s belief and thoughts introducing them to a new perspective of things. â€Å"True identity is something people must create for themselves by making choices that are significant and that require a courageous commitment in the face of challenges.†- Thomas Merton. This quote shows us that our identity is not something that we are born with and that it can’t change at all, but in fact, our identity is something that changes every minute, after every decision and after every idea we have. In a book called â€Å"Halo† by Zizou Corder, the main character goes on a journey to find herself and throughout the novel; we see her changing into a young woman instead of this child who is innocent and sheltered from evil. We also see that her identity changes as she sees life in a different perspective when she is taken from her family three times, we see her grow into a doctor and find love. She says the line â€Å"until you know who you are, you’re no one† this line shows us that we need to find out who we are. We can go on a long journey and we will still come back home. We never stop moving and always are changing our identity. Our identity is always and constantly changing due to the fact that we never stop learning new things, meeting new people and are always moving. Although many people get confused with the pathway of their identity, they usually find the right way and keep moving forward. People always find who they are and wake up from their rebellious years and find the right path for their future. Our identity always changes in response to life experiences. Everyone wears a mask of what they think society wants them to be and we need to be able to rip that faà §ade off and show the world who we truly are.

Extreme Working Conditions Essays

Extreme Working Conditions Essays Extreme Working Conditions Essay Extreme Working Conditions Essay In order to answer to these severe challenges majority of the organizations are forced to cut costs In order to boost their performance; yet instead of seriously examining the options, they are primarily doing it through downsizing (Denis and Shame, 2005; Guthrie and Data, 2008). Therefore, even though human resources are widely recognized as the most Important value-add asset and the critical resource for overcoming the crisis, they are usually In the first line to be cut when crisis knocks on the door. Despite the fact that lay-off have become the fact of organizational life over the sat few decades, the great recession has made the rate of lay-offs take extreme proportions and made the unemployment rate an Issue number one worldwide (Data et al, 2010). It can be argued that the excessive downsizing approach is not the appropriate way of absorbing the shock of crisis, since it is bound to have serious repercussions on working conditions and behavior of the employees who stayed in the organization- the survivors (Icemaker-Mueller and Lila, 2006). For Instance, according to Matures and Figurers (2010) the survivors are most Likely to suffer from read Job insecurity long after the critical events took place. Adding to its importance, the Job insecurity is widely recognized as an extreme work-related stresses and therefore affects the attitudes and behavior of employees. More often than not the stress and pressure are the cause of workplace bullying which includes physical, verbal or psychological Intimidation (Bartlett et al, 2011). Bullying may include various types of behavior such us: yelling, gossiping, false accusations. Personal Jokes, threatening etc. And all of them undoubtedly have active impact on employees health and well being (D]uric et al. , 2005; Aggrieved, 2007; Bailing et al. , 2009). Some of the consequences of these behaviors are additional stress, chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of psychological issues (depression, PETS and even suicidal thoughts) (Johnson, 2009; pace and smith, 2009; Wildfire, 2009). According to Removal (2009), besides higher Job insecurity and stress, downsizing caused by crisis can also lead to .. Less teamwork, heavier workloads and sense of being less valued (p. 24). Likewise, both Moral (2009) and Mullah (2008) agreed upon the fact that employee reduction is rarely followed by decrease in workload and 1 OFF working noirs; as a matter AT Tact, ten workload Ana work noirs usually Increases since fewer people have to perform the same amount of tasks. Moreover, this fact has been confirmed by both French and European survey of working conditions, although they were conducted long before the great economic crisis of 2008 (Cartoon Global, 2002; Bastard et al. , 2003). As a result, pressure and stress put on the rest of the employees are increasing further and reversely affect their emotional and hysterical state negatively. Interestingly enough, even before the great recession, downsizing, long working hours and great work intensity have been identified as huge problems for majority of employees (White el al, 2004; Webb, 2004). Therefore, it can rightly be argued that these working conditions got worse or even extreme after the economic crisis occurred. Although the literature is scarce concerning this issue, some evidence that can support this fact do exist. Namely, according to a study conducted in a banking sector of Pakistan, employees who worked both before and after the crisis have ported that the recession influenced their workload, motivation, Job security and levels of stress in a negative way (Cabal and Meir, 2011). Furthermore, according to WAS Report (2010), almost 40% of the respondents have confirmed that the great recession has extremely worsened the working conditions in their organizations. Finally, the study conducted in the UK with over 2000 participants (employees) has displayed more specific changes in the working environment. For instance, 50% of respondents reported feeling more anxious than before the crisis, 38% have felt the increase in Job insecurity and 20% have reported being sick due to increased stress at work (Unloaded, 2009). Still, the question of whether all of these changes (extreme downsizing, higher Job insecurity, extreme work-related stress, bullying etc) in organizations have made the working conditions reach the extreme point or not is not yet supported by clear evidence and literature. On the one hand, the very fact that these working conditions are severely affecting employees health and quality of life can most certainly be considered as extreme (Bartlett, 2011).

Flood Insurance Myths and Facts

Flood Insurance Myths and Facts People who live on top of the hill dont need flood insurance. Not true, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and just one of the many myths surrounding the agencys National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). When it comes to flood insurance, not having the facts can literally cost you your lifes savings. Owners of both homes and businesses need to know the flood insurance myths and facts. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance if youre in a high-flood-risk area.Fact: If your community participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), you can buy National Flood Insurance no matter where you live. To find out if your community participates in the NFIP, visit FEMAs Community Status page. More communities qualify for the NFIP everyday. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance immediately before or during a flood.Fact: You can buy National Flood Insurance anytime - but the policy isnt effective until a 30-day waiting period after the first premium payment. However, this 30-day waiting period can be waived if the policy was purchased within 13 months of a flood map revision. If the initial flood insurance purchase was made during this 13-month period, then there is only a one-day waiting period. This one-day provision only applies when the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is revised to show the building is now in a high-flood-risk area. Myth: Homeowners insurance policies cover flooding.Fact: Most home and business multi-peril policies do not cover flooding. Homeowners can include personal property coverage in their NFIP policy, and residential and commercial renters can purchase flood coverage for their contents. Business owners can buy flood insurance coverage for their buildings, inventory and contents. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance if your property has been flooded.Fact: As long as your community is in the NFIP, you are eligible to purchase flood insurance even after your home, apartment, or business has been flooded. Myth: If you do not live in a high-flood-risk area, you do not need flood insurance.Fact: All areas are susceptible to flooding. Nearly 25 percent of the NFIP claims come from outside high-flood-risk areas. Myth: National Flood Insurance can only be purchased through the NFIP directly.Fact: NFIP flood insurance is sold through private insurance companies and agents. The federal government backs it. Myth: The NFIP does not offer any type of basement coverage.Fact: Yes, it does. A basement, as defined by NFIP, is any building area with a floor below ground level on all sides. Basement improvements - finished walls, floors or ceilings - are not covered by flood insurance; nor are personal belongings, like furniture and other contents. But flood insurance does cover structural elements and essential equipment, provided it is connected to a power source (if required) and installed in its functioning location. According to a recent FEMA press release, items protected under building coverage include the following: sump pumps, well-water tanks and pumps, cisterns and the water inside, oil tanks and the oil inside, natural gas tanks and the gas inside, pumps or tanks used with solar energy, furnaces, water heaters, air conditioners, heat pumps, electrical junction and circuit breaker boxes (and their utility connections), foundation elements, stairways, staircases, elevators, dumbwaiters, unpainted drywall walls and ceilings (including fiberglass insulation), and cleanup expenses. Protected under content coverage are: clothes washers and dryers, as well as food freezers and the food inside them. The NFIP recommends both building and content coverage be purchased for the most comprehensive protection.

Futures and Options Market Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Futures and Options Market - Term Paper Example In financial reporting, VAR is considered one of the major three methods used and as well recommend by the FRR. The method plays a major role in ensuring they give the most likely the institution is likely to suffer when operated under normal market movements. The rule of disclosing markets risks requires that the method must gauge the level of risk they are exposed to and make sure their investors can make their judgement in regards to the same facts. In a real sense, it should be a faithful model of letting them know what is happening on the ground. The FRR requires the investors the make demands of hefty compensation if they learn it after the risks have taken place (JORION, 2001). By testing, it’s revealed that the relationship between the cost of capital and VAR are positive. The results obtained are of great facts. This is even after they have taken care of various characteristics of the firms operating in that market. The relationship between the cost of equity and VAR shows that, it’s an effective measure which can be used to determine the value investors are likely to make for being exposed to the market risks. Moreover, am looking to determine whether, VAR is also accounted for in the determination of the cost of equity. I have achieved this by involving measures of complicated elements of the banks. On the other hand, the report is more effective to Reckless bank PLC whose management are thinking of taking value-at-risk in order to boost their stakeholders value. This means they will be able to make their decisions on the basis of the results they have obtained from various correlation and simulation models. Then realization of the fact that stock markets are affected by the VAR reported in terms of the results reported in an economical perspective, it brings the need to look at these results more keenly and avoid the losses which are associated with it (PENZA & BANSAL, 2001). The

Argue a position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argue a position - Essay Example Even though many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the engagement of the United States in the war against terrorism, American was right to enter the war because the benefits far much outweighs the costs of being in the war. In this terrorism age, it was prudent for America to enter in the war against terrorism in order to be in the upfront of protecting humanity as the world superpower. After the September 11 terrorist attack on the United State, there was panic all over the world and the only way to dispel the fear that terrorist under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden had planted in the heart of Americans and the entire globe, it was necessary for America to invade the boundaries of Afghanistan in search of the dangerous group (Heymann 19). The United States initiated the war against Afghanistan with the support of allies. America together with its allies in the war never aimed at retaliation following the September 11 terrorist attack on innocent civilians, but the main focus was to destroy a safe and supportive operation ground for al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. The main focus was to oust the Taliban out of power so as to dismantle and disable the al-Qaeda group that had been a nightmare in the region an d to the United States and the rest of the world. The al-Qaeda treated women and children in a brutal way aiming to subject them to a lifetime misery and abject poverty. Also, the Al Qaeda and the Taliban regime used civilians as shields while perpetuating their atrocities, which highly contravene humanity. Taliban commanders seized humanitarian aid offered to innocent civilians in the war torn region and cared little about human life (Oshunrinade 160). The al-Qaeda committed wanting humanitarian crimes and propagated drug trade to finance their acts of terrorism around the world. Was these not enough reason for a country that believes in human rights and freedom to intervene? The

Loyalty Card Scheme Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Loyalty Card Scheme - Coursework Example When the buyer joins the loyalty scheme they may be asked to complete a form which asks for details such as their name and address; these are subsequently entered into a database. Once a buyer has an entry in the database, further records of buyer buys can be added, so that eventually it is possible to build a profile of person buyer purchasing behaviour. This record of buyer purchase report can then be used to segment the retailer's buyer base, for reason of direct advertising and tailoring other marketing interactions and special offers to buyer desires. In exchange for registration, the buyer receives points that can be used in full or part payment for products or services. There has been considerable debate about the value of loyalty cards for both the consumer and the scheme's sponsor. Criticism can be grouped into those that cast doubt on whether what might merely be viewed as a modest discount arrangement, akin to electronic green shield stamps can generate buyer loyalty, and those who comment on the difficulties associated with the analysis of the buyer purchase data that retailers can collect through loyalty schemes. This article undertakes a case study based analysis of the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme. This loyalty scheme extends beyond the traditional model of a loyalty scheme in which buyers exchange modest rewards for buyer data and information, to the creation of a affiliation or brand web. Buyers are invited to engage with this web at a number of different levels. After a review of some of the earlier work on loyalty schemes, this article first describes elements of the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme, in terms of rewards, deals, and integrating channels. Finally, the article poses a number of research questions that extend beyond the more parochial assessments of the impact on loyalty scheme membership loyal behaviours, buyer value, and business performance, to the potential of loyalty schemes in building brand perceptions and experience. LITERATURE REVIEW Affiliation marketing shifts the focus of the marketing exchange from transactions to affiliations (Foss and Stone, 2001; Peck et al., 1999; Christopher et al., 1991; Buttle, 1996). Affiliation marketing recognizes that a stable buyer base is a core business asset. The essence and nature of affiliations and their business vale is summarizing in the concept of buyer loyalty, and its associated literature. The benefits of buyer loyalty to a provider of either services or products include: - lower buyer price sensitivity; - reduced expenditure on attracting new buyers; and - improved organisational profitability. Buyers may demonstrate their loyalty in any one of a number of ways; they may choose to stay with a provider, whether this continuance is defined as a affiliation or not, or they may increase the number of purchases or the frequency of their purchases or even both. They may also become advocates of the organisation concerned by playing a powerful role in the decision-making of others (Hallowell, 1996; Birgelen et al., 1997; Reichheld et al., 2000; Bolton et al., 2000). Loyalty schemes have become widespread in recent years. Byrom et al. (2001) recommend that there is over 150 such idea in the UK, resulting in the

Biography of Prof. Joseph Kahamba

Biography of Prof. Joseph Kahamba BIOGRAPHY OF Prof. JOSEPH KAHAMBA Dr. Joseph Kahamba is an Associate Professor in Neurosurgery at Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS) in Dar es Salaam, a Consultant Neurosurgeon and acting Head of the Neurosurgical department at Muhimbili Orthopedics and Neurosurgical Institute. He holds a Doctor of Medicine (MD) of the University of Timisoara-Romania, a Master of Medicine (MMed) in General Surgery of the University of Dar es Salaam, a Master of Science (MSc) in Neurosurgery of the Universities of Zurich, Ulm and Dar es Salaam (a sandwich program), and FCS-ECSA (Fellow of the College of Surgeons of East, Central Southern Africa) and MBA (Master of Business Administration) program of the University of Dar es Salaam. CHILDWOOD Born September 1 1964 in Bukoba, Tanzania, Prof. Joseph Kahamba was raised in a hard working middle class family with Ten siblings–four brothers and six sister. His mother was a farmer and father a Secondary teacher. He grew up mainly in three kind of environment, Gangster, Quiet, Energetic and loud .During his childhood years his family lived first in Katoke and then shifted to Ishozi, Bukoba. When they were living in Katoke he had many friends. He liked making friends. He was with them all the time. They went to many places and parties together, and they even went to the Disco or play soccer together and he really enjoyed this these moments. His best friends ware Stanley, Mjuni, Peter, Ester and Salma. He really enjoy be with them, because they were so nice that sometimes talk about all in his life, and when he had a problem they always help him. Childhood influences: The first book He remember reading for fun was called ‘Maisha Yetu’. He probably read it three times a day. He also liked Greek mythology since he was in middle school. He used to read mostly fantasy and science fiction in high school, and then got interested in mysteries when He got to Universities. Since his father was a teacher. He grew up in a very artistic family. His Dad was an inspiration professionally and his Mum was always there to talk to. His Dad taught him many values that define who he is now — the values of honesty, integrity and sincerity. They were teachers to him and his mother was always scout him to school when he was very young. She used to read for him stories every night that he can remember many of the stories and have even got quite a few of the books she read to him. Her Mum had a sing-song voice that he once told her but she thought he was criticising her and she got a bit humpy with him. His dad read to them when we were older but he helped them a lot with writing and studying. When sitting together with his father, they spent long hours talking about the world, politics, books and football. His father was also very funny, very good at jokes and could speak several languages. All this influenced his carrier. EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL He received his primary education at Katoke Primary School between 1970 and 1973; his middle school education at Kanyigo School from 1974 up to 1978. Durring his Primary education his favorite subject were Science (especially biology and chemistry!), He loved them and he was never horrible at any subject, but he definitely hated History because he never liked writing essays since he didnt find it interesting. His favorite teacher was his Math’s teacher Ms.Salome, when he was in the fifth grade. As he described her as being very loving, caring, inspiring and almost like a mother to them. SECONDARY AND A-LEVEL After graduating at Kanyigo School in (1978) he was selected among 50 best students and been transferred to a Seminary government Secondary School (Kashasha Seminary) which it was 56 Kilometers’ away from his virrage. In 1978, Prof.Kahamba enrolled to Kahororo Seminary Secondary School for (O A-level) education between 1978 to 1984. While there much had happened routinely in the Seminary, each day had its own rhythm and he also noted that the seminarians had a varied schedule. They used to begin each day in the chapel, with either Morning Prayer from the Liturgy of the Hours at 7:30 a.m. After breakfast,Which sometimes made him to sleep in class .But in class He was often knowing how to do complex math problems before the concept had even been introduced to his class. In his second year the young Prof.Kahamba participated in student body government as Sports Minister in my second year. In this time, He worked for 2 years as the Scout President at a School camp. He liked most about school were the after-school athletic activities and least were Mandatory attendance and Learning superfluous subjects. Also he often knew how to do complex math problems before the concept had even been introduced to his class. He also did some extracurricular activities by Participating in Gym, Sports and Society clubs. He engage in the social life with other students mostly in parties. In 1984 his family returned to Ishozi, and Prof.Kahamba within a short time graduated from high school in the first division. UNIVERSITY In 1984, He enrolled at the University of Timisoara-Romania for his undergraduate study in Medicine (MD).In his first year in medical school he had been participating in new types of medical research. Since arriving in April he was been able to participate in two different research projects – one qualitative and one quantitative. In University, He was also involved in few outside activities. While there, and to enhance his meager income, He organized a Helping Hand Club and even served as its Vice president. After a handful of jobs , He finally went for different Projects to work for a large investment films. There He continued the trend of just meeting his potential, only taking on new challenges when enything was brought to his attention that it could be perfect opportunity for him. After graduating and reserved the certificate in Doctor of Medicine (MD) of the University of Timisoara-Romania, He then went back to his hometown and worked as Pharmacist assistance for the village local Institute Dispensary and a few Pharmacies in and around his hometown. In the meantime, He spent 1 year before Master school as a Soldier at Kanyigo Military, Bukoba serving for his county. During his time there, they moved into different largest military in the county for training. They also moved into the new country military base of Lugalo. One of thing he learned was simple. It doesnt matter if you can [do something] or not, you will. Just get it done. Going Master school had always been in the back of his mind, and he finally headed again across the Ocean to enroll in a Master of Science (MSc) in Neurosurgery at the Universities of Zurich in (1990). Early in 1992, he was transferred as a medical student to Zurich Medical cumpus to gain greater clinical experience, were he become Senior Laboratory Assistance at the University. He began his career as an ICU fellow at the Katoke Hospital Center where he worked in a variety of critical care settings before coming to the Clinical Center in 1999. At the Clinical Center he began his career as a Senior Clinical Researcher in the Medical Intensive Care Unit. His clinical research specializations included health behavior and health disparities research with special emphasis on methodology and measurement in end-of-life care, integrative health and vulnerable populations. After that, His wife and him moved to Bugando, Mwanza. Were they lived there for two years and managed to teach Bugando Medical University for almost 1 year. Then they had two daughters, Eunice and Nelly, and we moved back home to Dar es salaam. were he enrolled for MBA (Master of Business Administration) program at the University of Dar es Salaam.While there he used his extra time to teach at Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (Neurosurgery). Professional Recognition In November 2003, Prof. Kahamba was recognized by the Tanzanian Society of Orthopedics with the Dedicated Service Award. This award honors dedicated volunteer service to the Society marked by his outstanding performance. Between 2000 and 2006,He served as President of the Medical Association of Tanzania (MAT) at Muhimbili Orthopedics and Neurosurgical Institute. The Association that aimed to compliment the government efforts in reaching its desired objective of promoting the health and wellbeing of all Tanzanians. Marking the 45th Anniversary Medical Association of Tanzania (MAT) in 2008.Professor Joseph.F. Kahamba was presented with MAT Fellowship certificates for their distinguished contributions to the promotion of the medical profession and nurturing of the Medical Association of Tanzania. FAMILY In 1990, He met a pretty woman at a Staff Board meeting. He could feel that she was the right one for his eternal life. In 1991, He married Dr. Godelive Kagashe,Lecture in College of Health Sciences (MUCHS) in Dar es Salaam when he was 27.The wedding took place in Church, one month from his 28th birthday, Gogelive was 25, who spent her childhood in Morogoro, Tanzania. They have four childrens,One boy, Innocent 21 and three Daughters, Eunice 23, Nelly 22 and Karen 17. Eunice lives in the Mikocheni area. Shee works for a Clothing business company. Whenever they visit each other, they have a great time and many laughs. She also guides, teaches , and has been a great role model.Nelly is a Postgraduate in Medicine at Bugando Hospital,Mwanza.While Innocent is undergraduate in Civil engineering at Arthi University. When he was young, He sometimes did something very horrible that he then regret doing. One at which he would get other children to laugh at someone. He made fun of that person and got others to join in. In the rare hours when he’s not at Work, He enjoy running, reading, watching news. He’s very excited about moving back to his village in next year’s. About his Haya and Christianity background he said â€Å"its important because its how and why my parents behaved in the way they did. If I try to break that down into exactly what, all I come up with is things like the particular way in which they told stories about their family and their childhoods. At age of 50, He honestly think that reading has been one of the pleasant constants in my life. Reading truly feeds his soul. Looking ahead 20-30 years, He will fear losing his eyesight more than any other senior ailment. What the heck, he could enjoy reading The Adventures. Among of the worst or most embarrassing experience of his career as had been to identify his younger brothers body at a local municipal morgue. Employment and Professional Activities 1986-1987 Research Laboratory , University of Timisoara-Romania. 1988-1990 Postdoctoral fellowship, Institute for Advanced Study, Mwanza. 1991-1992 Senior Laboratory Assistance, University of Zurich. 1996-1997 Assistant Professor, Bugando University, Mwanza. 1997-1998 Associate Professor, University of Dar-es-salaam. 1998- Professor, University of Muhimbili, Dar-es-salaam. 1997-1998 Staff of Katoke Hospital Laboratory,Bukoba. 1998-2000 Director of MOI Physical Laboratory 2002-2004 Head of the Neurosurgical department at Muhimbili Orthopaedic and Neurosurgical Institute. 2000-2006 President of the Medical Association of Tanzania (MAT). 2007- Associate Professor in Neurosurgery at Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS),Dar-es-salaam

Lucid Dreaming Essays -- Reserach Dreaming Dreams Essays

Lucid Dreaming Austin based filmmaker Richard Linklater recently released a movie that is a dream. By that I mean both that it is about a dream, and that it is dreamlike. "Waking Life" received mixed reviews, but it also sparked new interest in an idea that has actually been around a long time: lucid dreaming. In this paper I intend to explore the concept of lucidity in dreams, and to concentrate on the research of Stanford University's Stephen LaBerge, who has used lucid dreaming as a tool to better understand the biological phenomena of sleep and dreams. Basically, "lucid dreaming" is being aware that you are dreaming(1). In the late 19th century, Frederik van Eeden published his observations about his own lucid dreams. He reported the sensation of "being able to freely remember the circumstances of waking life, to think clearly, and to act deliberately upon reflection, all while experiencing a dream world that seems vividly real(2) (3)." Lucid dreams are not reported often, although a 1988 study by Snyder and Gackenbach indicated that as many as 58 % of people report having had at least one lucid dream in their life time, with 21 % having them as regularly as once a month(2). LaBerge was the among first scientists to provide scientific evidence supporting the phenomena in the early 1980s(4). His research has shown several techniques to be successful tools to help an individual learn how to become lucid in a dream. Lucid Dreaming: Fact or Fiction? Scientific debate regarding the validity of lucid dreams has existed for some time. Some believed that so-called lucid dreams were not dreams at all, but brief arousals from the sleeping state analogous to day dreaming. As recently as 1985 David Foulkes ... ...ry, dream lucidity appears to be a valid phenomena and one many people hope to achieve for themselves. Whatever your interest in the topic, you are sure to find an outlet for it in the plethora of internet resources available on the topic. Internet Sources: 1)Lucidity For All http://www.ld4all.com/index.html 2)The Lucidity Institute Site: "Lucid Dreaming: Psychophysiological Studies of Consciousness during REM Sleep, by Stephen LaBerge, Ph. D. http://www.lucidity.com/SleepAndCognition.html 3) The Lucidity Institute: "A Study of Dreams" , by Frederik van Eeden http://www.lucidity.com/vanEeden.html 4) "Waking the Dreamer", Levity.com http://www.levity.com/mavericks/lab-int.htm 5) "Dreaming: Lucid and Non Lucid" , by David Foulkes http://www.sawka.com/spiritwatch/dreaming.htm 6) The Lucid Dreaming Guild http://www.geocities.com/lucidguild/

Plato Essay

Socrates gets Laches to agree to a new definition of courage by arguing that not all cases of courage are a sort of endurance. He asks Laches if he would consider courage to be noble to which Laches replies he would. Socrates then asks him would he consider foolish endurance to be seen as hurtful,to which Laches also agrees. With this in mind Laches agrees to a new definition of courage to include only wise endurance. 2/5 2. They conclude that knowledge of a virtue such as courage isn’t seen as being normal in the way hat it is,but being the kind of thing that is known consciously and spoken. Somebody who can talk about the subject of courage but don’t do well in battle,would have no real insight into what most people would consider courage. 0/5 3. Socrates argues for this conclusion by saying there could be some objection to the claim that courage is both foolish and wise. Firstly,wise courage gives you the belief that you are doing the right thing,but don’t hav e to,but by believing you have wise courage,it is the best thing to stay and fight. However,knowing you havn’t the resources for battle,but are considered brave enough to stay and fight anyway,surely this can be seen as both foolish and wise courage. 2/5 4. Socrates asks Laches if he knows the nature of virtue and would they tell others of it. Laches agrees to both questions allowing Socrates to test Laches own knowledge of virtue. He asks him about the part of virtue that is relevant to the art of fighting in armour – courage. Socrates then asks Laches to take into account the actions of the Sythian cavalry who fought bravely whilst running way. These examples are of a courageous nature but do not fit Laches example of courage. Socrates then asks Laches about the nature of courage of the soldiers who man there posts,but adds also about the courage of people in general,wether in battle,politics. poverty or fear. He reinforces his argument by using the example of â€Å"quickness which may be found in running, speaking or playing the lyre. In this case Socrates states that the definition as the quality that does a lot in very little time. Laches has to come up with an idea of courage that takes into account all ideas in which a person might be courageous. One objection that might be made to one of Socrates arguments is that it may only seem like he wants to impress upon Laches that it is possible to have any sort of knowledge of courage at all because Socrates says that the only genuine piece of knowledge he can have is that he knows nothing in the first place. But,as there isn’t anybody that knows enough about courage to speak f it,maybe we should take into account Laches continuing courageous behaviour as a kind of knowledge,rather than it being known concsiously and spoken,courage may be the only thing to be considered as an example. Someone who speaks for hours about courage but is cowardly during battle,would have little knowledge of courage. This example is about spoken knowledge and is amplified again by Socrates when he asks Laches to try and embody the very courage and endurance he is looking for in hi s quest. 18/35

Family diversity in today’s society Essay

Examine the extend,of and the reasons for family diversity in today’s society. Many sociologists argue that the nuclear family is a universal and dominate institution however there has been an increase in diverse family types for various reasons. Examples of these diverse families are lone parents, reconstitutions and cohabitation families. Although most people experience life in a nuclear family, it represents only a stage in their life cycle. Social and demographic changes have meant that an increasing part of many people’s lives are spent in households that are not based on conventional nuclear families. Firstly the increase of single parents (lone parents) has tripled since 1970s in the UK. About 25% of all families with dependent children are single-parent families. There are various reasons which contribute to the increase of single parenthood but one main one is the demographical changes in the UK, is divorce. Divorce was legalised in the early 1970s and as a con sequences it is cheaper and easier to get a divorce and this one of the explanations for the growth in lone-parent families since the early 1970’s. Whereas in the past it would take years to get a divorce and even then the outcome was not always fair. Feminist argue that diversity is valued and liberal as it gives women a choice. They also argue that this not only benefits women but en as well as they can have more time with the child and care for their children, then in the past that was only seen as the women job. However these traditional values are stilled established by ethnic groups not so much. Another reason for the increase in single parent families is due to greater acceptance in society. There is no longer as stigma that you have conceives a child with in marriage. This is interlinked with secularisation, which means the decline in religious practice and thinking. Therefore religion has very little influence over people lives hence they have a wider option in regards to the type of family they chose. The media also contributes the greater acceptance of single-parents as it depicts them in a positive light today, whereas in the past were it was seen as ‘sinful’. The increase is in single parent families is also due to help of the welfare state. The welfare state provides the single pare nt finical support hence taking the position or the role of the father. As a result women no longer need to rely on men or marriage for support. The increase in never married single mother now accounts for about 40% of all lone parents. Although Britain has become more diverse single  parenthood is still not accepted by everyone. The new right thinker Charles Murray (1984) argues that the increase in lone-parents is due to the over generosity of the welfare state as they have provide for both the parent and their children. Murray argue that this creates ‘perverse incentive’, that is rewarding irresponsible behaviour hence creating a ‘dependency culture’ in which people assume that the state will support them. One of the consequences of the lone parent family is step families (often called reconstituted families) which accounts to about 10% of families with the dependent children in the UK. A reconstituted family is made up of an adult couple, living with at least one child from a previous relationship of one of the partners. However although there is an increase in diverse family types the stepfamily are more at risk of poverty because the stepfather would have to provide for his current step children and his children form a previous relationship. In addition a difference in sexuality has contributed to the increase in family diversity. Gay and lesbian households have become more common and more acceptable in society than in the past. As Jeffrey Weeks, Donovan and Heaphey did their study in 1999 they argue, ‘During the past generation the possibilities of living an openly lesbian and gay have been transformed’. According to Weeks et al (1999) the same sex families look upon their household and friendship network as a chosen family. Same sex families have more option than the conventional heterosexual family and others see these families and an alternative and continuous devolving. Weeks et al argues that this part of a wider social change which can be based on culture and ethnic difference. Another sociologist called Roseneil (2005) develops the idea of chosen your own family. She uses the term hetronorm to refer to the intimate relationship between a heterosexual couple is seen as normal. Cheal (2002) notes that many gays and lesbians are legally allowed to adopt nevertheless many want to retain status of difference because they may feel that by adopting a child they are being shaped or moulded to portray a heterosexual family. Another main reason in why same- sex families increase is the decline in secularisation because some religions condemn homosexuality and now less people are religious in the UK they are more acceptant of homosexuals. Another type of family is singletons; this means that when someone lives by themselves. About 3 in 10 household contains one person. The reasons for  these changes are the increase in separation and divorce has created more 1 person households especially with men under 65 because children are more likely to live with their mother. Also the decline in marriage and the trend in marrying later because people are living longer hence there are more people that are single. Stein (1976) argues the growing number of people choosing to be single is a deliberate choice. However, while many of these choose to remain single some are alone because e there are few partners available in their age group. Furthermore, another type of household is living apart together. It is often assumed that those living alone do not have a partner. However the researcher by Duncan and Phillips (2208) found that 1 in 10 adults are ‘living apart together’ and has become increasingly common. Living apart together is a significant relationship, but not married or cohabiting. Duncan and Phillips found that some couple cannot live together for finical reason and the minority actively chose to live apart may be because they want to keep their home as a security because if the relationship does not work then at least they have a home to go to. Nonetheless although there are various other families it does demolish the existence of the nuclear family as they are still common but it has changed hence becoming more modern. Perspectives like the functionalist and new right as described to be ‘modernist’ because they see modern society. The nuclear family has shaped and changed to fit society which helps maintain it by performing some essential functions. According to Chester (1985), there was little evidence that people were choosing to live on a long-term basis in alternatives to the nuclear family. However, he did accept that some changes were taking place in family life. In particular, many families were no longer ‘conventional’ in the sense that the husband was the sole breadwinner. He accepted more women are out working to finical support their family. He called this new family form, in which wives have got jobs, the neo-conventional family. Although many people are not part of the nuclear family at one time in the life is largely due to the life-cycle. Many people who are currently living alone i.e. widows, singleton or those who are yet to get married, were either part o f a nuclear family in the past or will be in the future. Chester argues that the statistics is misleading and does not portray that most people will spend a major part of their life in a nuclear family. The extended family is another type of family which is three  generations living together. The extended family was strongest in working-class families. It is less important today because of geographical mobility, but research by Finch and Mason (1993) shows that kinship ties are still important for most. They also receive finical help from extended family and they also found that the women are more actively involved with extended family. Wilmot (1988) did his study on the dispersed extended family and the beanpole family. Wilmot (1988) argues that there are four main types of extended family; extended family of residence where the members live in the same household, the local extended family – where 2 or 3 nuclear families live separately but in close proximity and see each other often, the dispersed extended family – nuclear families who see each other frequently but live further apart and do not see each other as regularly and the attenuated extended family – similar to the dispersed extended family but the contact is even less frequent. Brannen (2003) argues that there is a strong intergenerational links between generations mainly because people are living longer. However the links between the intragenerational links between siblings, cousins etc. were somewhat weaker. Therefore Brannen characteristic contemporary family structure as being long and thin and she compares it to the beanpole. A beanpole family is a nuclear family with one or two children who maintain regular contact with grandparents. Furthermore another concept which has contributed to the increase in diverse families is culture diversity. There’s is an increase of people with different ethnic background hence this means there alternative family forms and living arrangements. Ghazala Bhatti carries out her study in 1999 on Asian families living in the southern England. She found that the conflict between generations has created a new family type as the children may not marry someone with the same background. However Bhatti stresses that these families were not the norm. Within black families there is high rate of female-headed houses, lone-parent black families has someti mes been seen as evidence of disorganisation which link back to slavery. This is because under slavery when people were taken the children would stay with their mothers. Also due to high rate of unemployment among black men has meant that they cannot provide for their family which as a consequence lead to high rates of desertion or marital breakdown. Also among Asian families their household do contain three generation but most are in fact nuclear  rather than extended families. Larger Asian households also to some extent reflect the value placed on the extended family in Asian cultures. These differences are likely to have resulted from the fact that many Asian immigrants have come from a traditional agricultural economy where family patterns are more like pre-industrial Britain. Thus, minority ethnic families have not just contributed to family diversity through each group having its own distinctive family pattern. They have also contributed to it through developing diverse family patterns within each ethnic group.